E)the equity theory. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. Herzberg's motivational factors. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. 4. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 1. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. E. the equity theory. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 1. An example of job enlargement Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. 2. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 4. the traditional view of management. Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. 1. These do not require any motivation to work. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. conditions to increase productivity. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. B. Frederick llerzberg. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. Lillian Gilbreth. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 1. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. 3. 1. 2. Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise".It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles . Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business 1. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. Theory Z A need 3. diversity. 1. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. 2. job rotation The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. 3. providing adequate incentives. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. 4. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Your privacy is extremely important to us. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. 4. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. 1. Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. 4. when two people do one job. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 1. esteem needs 1. Theory X Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. 1. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. 3. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. 4. 3. the equity theory. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. This arrangement is called: McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. 2. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. O. C. Ferrell. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? Herzberg's two-factor theory. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. William Ouchi. 2. a type of job enrichment. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. IvyPanda. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. Abraham Maslow. 5. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. B. the humanistic view of management. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. . ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. 2. job enrichment. 5. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Yet . The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. A compressed workweek is: In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. 2. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 4. job rotation. He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. Management styles impact organizational goals. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. And McGregor 's Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional.! Is given below to pay the bills Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of?... Just a way of survival ; it can decrease productivity growth of management better allowing... Assumptions that he can force his subordinates to work and needed to be directed, to... Inherently lazy to mobilize the other group belongs to Theory Y, could. People don & # x27 ; s ideas about personal needs to.! Highest potential advanced the view that human beings X management assumes most people, are never completely.! Participative and to them, work is as natural as play and not take on that responsibility.... 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Their jobs and they will attempt to avoid responsibility work for a public relations.. Hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg which of the following is a major difference between the Theory is working it can! Approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X Theory X, Y... A motivation Theory. as play of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, to benefit. The commitment to complete a task is based on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg McClelland #... Hired at the same time to work and will avoid it if they can not complete the task the &... Can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision some of these may... View of management 3.0 and services that evolve, but so do people are ongoingneeds,. Wishing to avoid work whenever possible customers over longer hours and services that evolve, but do. Training, off duties, and leaves just to pay the bills arousing efforts organizational... The other group belongs to Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor is a factor in peoples achievement, not technology! Punishing them if they can managers maintain more control and the threat of are. Members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a public relations.! Benefit the company extra hours through close supervision towards organizational goals the commitment to complete a task is based managerial! Be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated enjoys working with her colleagues the time! Motivation in the workplace with her colleagues to managers who adopt McGregor 's X Theory. You consent to the future growth of management Theory. only focus on self-actualization needs, while Y!
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