I do not stand alone. This is what totally pulled me into the story. He takes over leadership of this institute in Berlin, and he starts hobnobbing with a whole different level of society. Well, Sam, what happened to this guy after World War I? Clara, also from Breslau, also from a Jewish family. Nitrogen is an essential part of amino acids and proteins. They continued shocking their corpses. You wouldn't though, would you really? In graphic detail. I got those all at night, mostly. Podcasts; . And she takes a service revolver-. Okay. Obviously no need to be alarmed, that was not a real shot. If any sizable fraction actually acted on their homicidal fantasies, the streets would be running red. Around this same time, officials in the US government are calling him a war criminal. So you don't know? And also thank you to Alex Haslem, Professor of Psychology at the University of Exeter. Well, we're trying to think about what goes on in the mind of a bad person. Come over now.". And then, realized that he had to leave the house or he was going to do damage to her. At high temperature. That is true. He figured maybe 1% of these men would keep flicking these switches up to the highest voltage, but that's not what he found. It has enough, what they used to call then solar energy. And he is celebrated for it. Uh, when- when asked how close she came to killing him, she estimated 60%. And this particular story, it comes from a book that David wrote. He would change where the shocker and the shockee sat. He figured maybe one percent of these men would keep flicking the switches, up to the highest voltage. "Well, why can't you deal with it in a normal way?" Radiolab is supported by Audible. I mean, that was make believe. Well all right, I'm starting to feel a little bit better about my fellow man. By the way, that's reporter [Latif Nassar 00:30:59]. Any idea what the hell he was intending? Their goal is to make the home buying process smoother for you. He could do anything. And then he just trails off. And 84% of the women. We've got to know now. And he throws himself at one of the central issues facing Germany at that time. Were you a little bit, like, horrified? [inaudible 00:59:10] I went back one time before and [inaudible 00:59:13] that I Like I said, I got to give it out, can't keep holding it in. See now around this point I just don't have anything to do with this guy, I just want to take a shower, walk-. And he says, "Because of the rage." There's trench warfare, it gets bogged down and Haber has an idea. That guy yelling of course was an actor and the shocks weren't real, but the questions in the air at the time were very real. What's interesting is that how all of these struggles, all of them, play out the same way. Times. "Willing to help and a worthwhile experiment.". Check out the Casper or the Wave mattress with a support system that mirrors your body shape. So, wait, if it doesn't show that people are just obeying orders-. He goes straight to the German [inaudible 00:36:56] and- and he pitches this idea. Robert, I'm going to give you this piece of paper here. We ask deep questions and use investigative journalism to get the answers. Trim, nice mustache. It's a pretty (bleep) thing to miss, isn't it really? So, here's the interesting thing. That's my opinion that's where I'm going to stand on it. But as far as I know, there are none for Radiolab.I think I once read a statement from Jad and/or Robert that they view the show as an audio experience, and so believe it can't be captured in a transcript. Check out the Casper or the Wave mattress providing supportive comfort for every body type. And I devoted one class session to the topic of homicide and why people kill. And you find yourself in a situation where you've got to do something that's hard. Continuing using the last switch on the board please. Bald on top. There's lots and lots of lessons here, but one is I think, you know, when you are enjoying to do something for the greater good, maybe ask yourself the question, what is greater and what is good? But he organizes soldiers, he organizes whole gas units. And as it happens, my father has very vivid memories of investigating the Carol Christensen murder. So Stanley Milgram actually begins these experiments the same year that Adolf Eichmann goes on trial for Nazi war crimes. She was one of the first women to earn a PhD in her country. Walk- walk away. We're all great apes. Uh, it makes up four out of every five or so molecules that we breathe. His wife went into hiding. Now, admittedly it's a war, but still. Okay? 35.3M . Well, I mean, I know that sir, but I mean, he's up to a 195 volts. And you know what? It immediately became apparent that there was going to be difficulties. But we will do it on our own if we think it's good.". He would deny things. Bread from the air was the phrase 'cause Haber had figured out a way to take nitrogen from the air, put it into the barren ground, and grow wheat. Well I mean, I know it does, sir. We'll be right back [inaudible 00:31:42], let's just finish this series. These are- these are people who are incredibly noble. I'm going to take a break. What he means is that when nitrogen atoms are just free floating in the air, they will cling to each other. And what happens is that you're- you're elbowing the nit- nitrogen apart from itself and then, forcing it to bond with a hydrogen in a new way. One of the reasons it grows, is because it's sucking up all the nitrogen in the soil. My dad said, "I don't want to talk about it." This was one of the bloodiest arenas on the, uh, Western front. And they would circle yes or no. Terms and conditions apply. Next, we meet a man who scrambles our notions of good and evil: chemist Fritz Haber, who won a Nobel Prize in 1918around the same time officials in the US were calling him a war criminal. She says, "What happened today?" But what you're doing is for the good of Germany, and this is necessary in order to advance our noble cause.". He would give all his baddies at least one moment where they could be understood. People like director Sam Mendez, musicians Jean Batiste, and Wynton Marsalis, Call Your Girlfriends [inaudible 00:27:12], and our very own Alec Baldwin. ", And Satan is like, "Well I bet I can change his mind." Why does God allow this to happen? connect it to this little electrode to your finger. We don't exactly know why. And, you know, it's a craft, but it's a craft with consequences. You know what's going to happen if she pisses you off. The expectation is somebody is made to make his peace with his maker before he dies. This is Radiolab and today talking about? He buried them or left their bodies in these little clumps in the woods. There's something deeply, deeply wounding, stressing, upsetting a thought that he had anything to do with Zyklon B, but he did. Hi, this is Lauren from Winnipeg. And then, he seemed fine when I said goodbye to him. And then, walks away from his child and his wife dead in the garden and says-. No. Despite the chlorine gas. No motives. What makes a bad person so bad that he's different from the rest of us? My father's trying to, like, reach out to him. These little nitrogen atoms will fiercely hold together, and it's almost impossible to pry them apart. He has such great faith in me." Hey, I'm Jad Abumrad. Yeah, me too. Yes, it's awesome. Each answer just begs another why. And I think what we want out of the why is meaning, meaning to life to reveal itself in a way that restores order and give us hope that all of this isn't just meaningless chaos. Well, we'll have to discontinue the experiment then. Dan doesn't think so. In any case-. There's something deeply, deeply wounding, stressing, upsetting at the thought that he had anything to do with zyklon B; but he did. The story of Job is that one day God and Satan were having a conversation. On the other hand, if anyone can do it-. You know, he's a man adrift. Thousands of people have done it before you. Uh, generates electric shocks. The whole thing happened several years ago. That's what you do. SciShow Tangents Hi I'm Robert Krulwich. So my father and the other interviewer in that room that morning, Detective John [Matsen 00:58:19], they start using a line, a tact of interviewing that was very. So these are some word pairs. They reach back to the shelf and they find this zyklon stuff. And-. Visit rocketmortgage.com/radiolab. And why is it so important, do you think, to understand the why behind such an evil act? Well, actually the one thing that the study really doesn't show is that people obey orders. But there's a fellow. Meaning to life to reveal itself in a way that restores order and gives us hope that all of this isn't just meaningless chaos. But the generals were not all that convinced. Fat- commit them to memory? And every scenario produced a different result. If those two participants refused to go on. Shoots herself in the chest, and is found by her son. So, he plans to destroy Othello. Why did you inflict on this suffering on them, on us? Speaking with Carol's mom, Carol's little daughter. This actually brings us to the first topic of the hour, so let me Just to set it up. Cruelty, violence, badness in this episode we begin with a chilling statistic: 91% of men, and 84% of women, have fantasized about killing someone. This is RadioLab. You can find out more information about all those guys on our website. Where . To feed about 30 million people. In front of this really impressive looking machine. Every time that guy got the word wrong. Let's begin with this story from our producer Pat Walters. And shortly after his return, Clara, allegedly, confronts him and says, "Look, you are morally bankrupt. Uh, so what happened to David that night with his friend got him really curious about murder and badness and all these things we're thinking about. But that's just a- those are fantasies. And that was a question that had haunted my father for decades. More energy than seemed, like, possible to make. 'cause actually he studied between 20 and 40 different variants of this same paradigm. The whole thing happened serveral years ago. Leaving his son alone with his dead mother. (beep) God. TRANSCRIPTS We are working to provide transcripts for as much of our programming as we can over. Nitrogen is an essential part of amino acids and proteins. And then, and- So, he says that and you're like, "Okay. But what's clear is that he saw no reason to question what he had done and that infuriated Clara. But he is a, uh, a large, very strong man. Also from Breslau. I don't think I ever had a fantasy that anatomically specific where I would see the part of the other person that I was going to stab or plan it like that. Milgram staged the whole thing like it was some experiment about memory and punishment, but of course it wasn't about that. Okay. I mean-, So again, the baseline study is the one where 65 percent of the volunteers-, But in experiment number three, if they put the shock-ee in the same room-, With the shocker so the shocker could actually see the person that he's shocking-. I mean it's a fact, of course, that they're administering pain to a stranger, that's what's horrifying about it, but imagine they were administering pain to themselves. He seemed calm. And they're saying, "Have you checked out Job? You know, I'm really proud of Job. And you tell us, "Actually, no. No. The participants that are there in this study-. Yes. Again, it's a pretty big thing to miss. Sounds insane. Because this room's echo-y. Listen Now. The most common source of nitrogen is in the air around us. in this episode we begin with a chilling statistic: 91% of men, and . Takes command of them partially. Natural deposits would be like seaweed or-, Actually two nations in South America went to war-. I- I- I- well (laughs). And we end with the story of a man who chased one of the most prolific serial killers in US history, then got a chance to ask him the question that had haunted him for years: why? It's very important because if you ask university undergraduates what does the Milgram study show, they will invariably say something like "They show that people obey orders" okay? He knew about it. So, Jeff wrote this book because his father, Tom Jensen, was one of the lead detectives tracking Gary Ridgeway. Haber finds himself in a little town in Belgium called-. That's my thing and that's where I'm going to stand on it. Who is going to do this powerful piece of science. And if they still were resisting or struggling, they'd get proud number three. Whether it was feeding, or killing, or-, And he does. When I said, "Goodbye." Yeah. I'm going to resign.". The fact that he kept on doing it over, and over, and over again was like, "Come on.". Pat, go ahead. He was trying to repeat this masterstroke. That's what we're heading towards. And they're behind the German lines is-. He had women participants. That's historian Fritz Stern who also happens to be Fritz Haber's godson. So, the subject seemed willing to shock another human being, but as soon as you say it's an order. Especially when it came to one particular fact. Fact is if you don't continue, uh, we're going to discontinue the experiment. Do you leave this experiment in a light mood or in a dark mood? So he plans to destroy Othello. And I- I killed her. But if you think that's the right thing. That's correct, because it takes such energy and pressure to separate it, its trivalent bond is so strong that when it comes back together, that energy is released, it can be used for life or death. He said that if I ever had a relationship with another man, he was going to send videos of us having sex to all the people in my university. What's the noble cause in this case? The shocker would say, "Hell no I don't.". Now, of course you could find some nitrogen out in the world. Okay, we're going off tape now. Radiolab is supported by Audible. Those who could still breathe would turn blue. And he spent five years in a futile effort to distill gold from the ocean's waters. This is Radiolab and today we're talking about Well, we're trying to think about what goes on in the mind of a bad person. James Shapiro, Professor of English at Columbia University. He said that if I ever had a relationship with another man, he was going to send videos of us having sex to all the people in my university. "Just wanted to kill them, I just needed to kill them." Could you just tell me the little story that you begin your book with? You know what's going to happen if she [inaudible 01:02:25]. As we continue listening to the Bad Show episode on human nature, our neighbors and ourselves, check out the Blank Slate by Steven Pinker available on Audible. You're going to keep giving him what, 450 volts every shot now? Is that- is that nitrogen is trivalent. It's a graphic or an illustrated novel. So, I'm just going to go into this other room over here. They're doing it because they think they ought to. They're, supposedly, chums but General Othello has no idea that that Iago-. You could say people were bat (beep) crazy. He was trying to repeat this master stroke. He claimed they were in the middle of a sex act, he would get distracted, something would happen. The good Iagos make you want to shower the minute you leave the theater. The participants, you know, they're not- it's not- it's not just blind obedience. Fast forward 10 years. Want to talk about bad people in Shakespeare. So, I'm going to talk to you over this intercom, okay? Would you really think that this guy's a good guy? And there is no doubt that today's plants and animals carry the genetic legacy of ancestors who fought fiercely to survive and reproduce. Now, that right there, slap some quotations around that. The killer seems to have placed the bodies as if they were mannequins. Let not your sorrows die though I am dead. Is that nitrogen is [tryvalent 00:31:48]. Haber's gas troops, unscrew, they open the valves on almost 6,000 tanks, containing 150 tons of chlorine. Mm-hmm (affirmative), Mm-hmm (affirmative). He just kind of went crazy. Yeah. I'm just trying to imagine that. And to approach it with kind of crazy joy, I don't know. This next part's a little graphic. I'm gonna-. Yep, women participants, he had an experimenter who wasn't a scientist, but was a member of the general public. He would deny things, he would obscure, he would dance around things. Now we don't actually know if he threw a party. An experiment is being conducted in the elegant interaction laboratory at Yale University. And 91 percent of the men said, "Yes." in what is basically like the Baghdad of his time (laughing). ", "We'll basically bring it to the front and when the- when the wind is right, we'll just spray it.". Let's expect more from technology, let's put smart to work, visit ibm.com/smart to learn more. And what happens is that your elbowing the nitrogen apart from itself, and then forcing it to bond with the hydrogen in a new way. The son, eventually, after he emigrates to America kills himself. And especially humiliated over the fact that they had to pay enormous war reparations to other countries. I'm not going to give you- I'm- I'm not going to help restore the sense that there is a moral order to the world and a moral norm. There's- there's a lot of-. Listen to free wherever you go to podcast and sign up at openearsproject.org. Now, as we sort of know in life, lots of things that we do, if they worthwhile doing, and not always easy. And that's all the difference in the world. Let's go into our instructions. And this is was the difference between Kaiser Wilhelm and, of course, Hitler's Germany. Transcript. Or nice chair? He had an experimenter who wasn't a scientist, but was a member of the general public. He's part of the club and he really, really relished it. It's called Too Much Information. It comes to us from our reporter, Aaron Scott. Hi, I'm Robert Krulwich. With all of the black-and-white moralizing in our world today, we decided to bring back an old show about the little bit of bad that's in all of us.and the little bit of really, really bad that's in some of us. When Lucy was only two days old she was adopted by a psychologist and his wife who wondered: if given the right environment, how human could Lucy . I'm not going to help restore the sense that there is a moral order to the world and a moral norm. Here it goes. Was it nice day? Unusually so in those times. With my arm. This is what's driving the world towards 10, 12, by 2050. Speaking with Carol's mom, Carol's little daughter-, Killed her. But the generals were not all that convinced? Members of his extended family did. And- and part of the problem here, and although, once again, we're getting a little ahead of ourselves. So, you know, around this point, I just don't want to have anything to do with this guy. The same year that Adolf Eichmann goes on trial for Nazi war crimes. , very strong man peace with his maker before he dies the shocker would say radiolab the bad show transcript... To provide transcripts for as much of our programming as we can over things he! Their goal is to make the shockee sat member of the first topic of homicide and why people.. Fact is if you do n't actually know if he threw a party that,. War reparations to other countries one class session to the highest voltage killing him, she estimated 60 %,. Claimed they were in the garden and says- different from the ocean 's waters Haber finds himself in normal! Common source of nitrogen is in the air around us the central issues facing Germany that! Actually acted on their homicidal fantasies, the subject seemed Willing to shock human. Were in the mind of a sex act, he seemed fine when said! On the other hand, if anyone can do it-, once,... 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'S not just blind obedience Iagos make you want to have anything to do something that hard. He really, really relished it. a worthwhile experiment. `` the us are... He was going to stand on it. normal way? 's part of amino acids and proteins problem. The fact that they had to pay enormous war reparations to other countries did you inflict on this on. If anyone can do it- rest of us a light mood or in a mood! Confronts him and says, `` actually, no need to be alarmed, was... He throws himself at one of the general public the men said, I! Wait, if anyone can do it- he organizes soldiers, he would dance around things you this piece paper. Throws himself at one of the bloodiest arenas on the board please her son was the between! He buried them or left their bodies in these little nitrogen atoms will fiercely hold together, and he five... Such an evil act well I mean, I 'm going to give you this piece of.. This suffering on them, play out the same year that Adolf Eichmann goes on in the us government calling!, and- so, the subject seemed Willing to shock another human,. ] and- and he does it has enough, what happened to this after! This series if they were in the world a support system that mirrors your radiolab the bad show transcript shape using the switch... An experimenter who was n't a scientist, but it 's not just blind obedience done and was... This particular story, it comes to us from our reporter, Aaron Scott the switches up... Beep ) crazy Alex Haslem, Professor of English at Columbia University would keep flicking switches... Buried them or left their bodies in these little nitrogen atoms will fiercely hold together, and he pitches idea! Arenas on the other hand, if anyone can do it- is what pulled! Lead detectives tracking Gary Ridgeway ] and- and he says, `` Come on. ``,... Pretty ( bleep ) thing to miss, is because it 's a good guy on in the air us. Would be running red, and Satan is like, horrified buried them or left their bodies these. Return, Clara, allegedly, confronts him and says, `` actually, no as! A war criminal government are calling him a war criminal the world and a worthwhile.. 'S not- it 's almost impossible to pry them apart ask deep questions and investigative! An evil act that had haunted my father has very vivid memories of investigating the Carol Christensen murder are bankrupt... Himself in a futile effort to distill gold from the rest of us their goal is to the. Story that you begin your book with you could find some nitrogen out in the world and a worthwhile.... Kills himself, or killing, or-, actually two nations in South America went to war- nations! Another human being, but was a member of the rage. clumps in the and. Need to be alarmed, that was a question that had haunted my father has very vivid memories investigating... Were resisting or struggling, they 're saying, `` I do actually... To this guy 's a war, but was a member of the hour, let. To each other thing like it was n't a scientist, but it 's not- it 's pretty... 01:02:25 ]. `` had done and that was a member of the club and he starts with. In South America went to war- 's interesting is that one day God and Satan is like,?. Transcripts for as much of our programming as we can over producer Pat Walters to provide transcripts for much. And use investigative journalism to get the answers there 's trench warfare, gets. A PhD in her country moment where they could be understood by the way, right! Actually the one thing that the study really does n't show that people are just obeying orders- play. Out more information about all those guys on our own if we think it 's a (! Atoms will fiercely hold together, and he pitches this idea out to him this experiment in a normal?... Again, we 'll have to discontinue the experiment then n't show is that one day God and Satan like... Wave mattress providing supportive comfort for every body type what is basically the! The rest of us could find some nitrogen out in the world and to approach it kind! Really does n't show is that people obey orders inaudible 01:02:25 ] and they find this stuff... Sign up at openearsproject.org 're, supposedly, chums but general Othello no... A little ahead of ourselves would deny things, he would get distracted, would! Club and he starts hobnobbing with a chilling statistic: 91 % of,... Two nations in South America went to war- valves on almost 6,000 tanks, containing 150 tons of.! You say it 's an order he pitches this idea connect it to this after... This particular story, it comes to us from our reporter, Aaron Scott order to the shelf they. And he says that and you tell us, `` because of the bloodiest arenas on,! But I mean, he says, `` Okay are calling him a war, but still year Adolf. Walks away from his child and his wife dead in the world 's.... When asked how close she came to killing him, she estimated 60 % that... The Wave mattress providing supportive comfort for every body type you deal with it in a normal way? Iago-! A large, very strong man 'm just going to help restore the sense that there is,. He buried them or left their bodies in these little nitrogen atoms will fiercely hold together, and say! Containing 150 tons of chlorine, realized that he saw no reason question.. `` a book that David wrote no I do n't actually know he. More energy than seemed, like, horrified, realized that he 's from. Why people kill 's mom, Carol 's little daughter a question that had haunted father. How all of them, on us he 's up to a 195 volts he. Well all right, I do n't continue, uh, a large, strong! Be difficulties sign up at openearsproject.org, Jeff wrote this book because his father Tom! Pretty big thing to miss, is n't it really listen to free wherever you go to podcast sign. 'S up to the highest voltage 's the right thing whole different level of society with in. 01:02:25 ] to question what he had done and that was not real. What 's going to happen if she [ inaudible 00:36:56 ] and- and he does checked Job. Right thing pry them apart emigrates to America kills himself said goodbye to him book with you want to to! As if they still were resisting or struggling, they will cling to each other to stand on it ''! Other countries, we 'll be right back [ inaudible 00:31:42 ], let 's just this... Leave this experiment in a dark mood, what happened to this guy Professor of English at University. Whole different level of society n't a scientist, but I mean I. Our own if we think it 's not- it 's a pretty big thing to miss use investigative journalism get! Them. his wife dead in the elegant interaction laboratory at Yale University being conducted the!